Security of Electronic Patient Record using Imperceptible DCT-SVD based Audio Watermarking Technique
Abstract
Abstract—A robust and highly imperceptible audio watermarkingtechnique is presented to secure the electronic patient
record of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) affected patient. The proposed
DCT-SVD based watermarking technique introduces minimal
changes in speech such that the accuracy in classification of PD
affected person’s speech and healthy person’s speech is retained.
To achieve high imperceptibility the voiced part of the speech is
considered for embedding the watermark. It is shown that the
proposed watermarking technique is robust to common signal
processing attacks. The practicability of the proposed technique is
tested: by creating an android application to record & watermark
the speech signal. The classification of PD affected speech is done
using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier in cloud server.
References
M. M. Baig, H. Gholamhosseini, Smart health monitoring systems: An
overview of design and modeling, Journal of Medical Systems 37 (2)
(2013) 9898.
A.-H. Ali, An imperceptible and robust audio watermarking algorithm,
EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2014 (1)
(2014) 37.
M. Shahbakhi, D. T. Far, E. Tahami, Speech analysis for diagnosis of
parkinson‘s disease using genetic algorithm and support vector machine,
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 7 (4) (2014) 147–156.
A. Tsanas, M. A. Little, P. E. McSharry, J. Spielman, L. O. Ramig, Novel
speech signal processing algorithms for high-accuracy classification of
parkinson’s disease, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 59 (5)
(2012) 1264–1271.
Y. Zhang, Can a smartphone diagnose parkinson disease? a deep neural
network method and telediagnosis system implementation, Parkinson‘s
Disease 2017.
S. A. Parah, J. A. Sheikh, F. Ahad, N. A. Loan, G. M. Bhat, Information
hiding in medical images: a robust medical image watermarking system
for e-healthcare, Multimedia Tools and Applications 76 (8) (2017) 10599–
N. A. Loan, S. A. Parah, J. A. Sheikh, J. A. Akhoon, G. M. Bhat, Hiding
electronic patient record (epr) in medical images: A high capacity and
computationally efficient technique for e-healthcare applications, Journal
of Biomedical Informatics 73 (2017) 125–136.
S. A. Parah, J. A. Sheikh, F. Ahad, G. Bhat, High capacity and secure
electronic patient record (epr) embedding in color images for iot driven
healthcare systems, in: Internet of Things and Big Data Analytics Toward
Next-Generation Intelligence, Springer, 2018, pp. 409–437.
N. Dey, A. S. Ashour, S. Chakraborty, S. Banerjee, E. Gospodinova,
M. Gospodinov, A. E. Hassanien, Watermarking in biomedical signal
processing, in: Intelligent Techniques in Signal Processing for Multimedia
Security, Springer, 2017, pp. 345–369.
M. Alhussein, G. Muhammad, Watermarking of parkinson disease
speech in cloud-based healthcare framework, International Journal of
Distributed Sensor Networks 11 (10) (2015) 264575.
Z. Ali, M. Imran, W. Abdul, M. Shoaib, An Innovative Algorithm
for Privacy Protection in a Voice Disorder Detection System, Springer
International Publishing, Cham, 2018, pp. 228–233.
W. Bender, D. Gruhl, N. Morimoto, A. Lu, Techniques for data hiding,
IBM Systems Journal 35 (3.4) (1996) 313–336.
N. Cvejic, T. Seppanen, Increasing the capacity of lsb-based audio
steganography, in: Multimedia Signal Processing, 2002 IEEE Workshop
on, 2002, pp. 336–338.
K. Bhowal, D. Bhattacharyya, A. Jyoti Pal, T.-H. Kim, A ga based audio
steganography with enhanced security, Telecommun. Syst. 52 (4) (2013)
–220.
A. Kanhe, G. Aghila, C. S. Kiran, C. Ramesh, G. Jadav, M. Raj, Robust
audio steganography based on advanced encryption standards in temporal
domain, in: Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics
(ICACCI), 2015 International Conference on, 2015, pp. 1449–1453.
Y. Erfani, S. Siahpoush, Robust audio watermarking using improved ts
echo hiding, Digital Signal Processing 19 (5) (2009) 809–814.
V. Korzhik, G. Morales-Luna, I. Fedyianin, Audio watermarking based
on echo hiding with zero error probability, International Journal of Computer
Science and Applications, Technomathematics Research Foundation
(1) (2013) 1–10.
M. Fallahpour, D. Megias, Audio watermarking based on fibonacci numbers,
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
(8) (2015) 1273–1282.
M. Fallahpour, D. Megias, Robust audio watermarking based on fibonacci
numbers, in: 2014 10th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc
and Sensor Networks, 2014, pp. 343–349.
S. Ahani, S. Ghaemmaghami, Z. J. Wang, A sparse representationbased
wavelet domain speech steganography method, Audio, Speech, and
Language Processing, IEEE/ACM Transactions on 23 (1) (2015) 80–91.
P. Shah, P. Choudhari, S. Sivaraman, Adaptive wavelet packet based
audio steganography using data history, in: 2008 IEEE Region 10 and
the Third international Conference on Industrial and Information Systems,
, pp. 1–5.
B. E. Sakar, M. E. Isenkul, C. O. Sakar, A. Sertbas, F. Gurgen,
S. Delil, H. Apaydin, O. Kursun, Collection and analysis of a parkinson
speech dataset with multiple types of sound recordings, IEEE Journal of
Biomedical and Health Informatics 17 (4) (2013) 828–834.
B. Woldert-Jokisz, Saarbruecken voice database, Institute of Phonetics,
Saarland University.
Rekik, S., Guerchi, D., Selouani, S.A., Hamam, H.: Speech steganography
using wavelet and fourier transforms. EURASIP Journal on Audio,
Speech, and Music Processing 2012(1), 1–14 (2012). https://doi.org/10.
/1687-4722-2012-20
M. A. Little, P. E. McSharry, E. J. Hunter, J. Spielman, L. O. Ramig,
et al., Suitability of dysphonia measurements for telemonitoring of parkinson’s
disease, IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering 56 (4) (2009)
–1022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
