Novel Ideas for Lossless Audio Coding
Abstract
Novel ideas for lossless audio coding analyzed in the paper are linked with forward predictor adaptation, and concern optimization of predictors on the basis of zero-orderentropy and MMAE criterions, and context sound coding. Direct use of the former criterion is linked with exponential growth of optimization procedure, hence, a suboptimal algorithm having polynomial complexity is proposed. It is shown that on average the new types of predictors are better than those obtained by MMSE technique, while two- and three context systems are on average better than a single predictor one. It also appears that 7-bit PARCOR coefficients in the MPEG-4 ALS standard have insufficient precision for some predictor length, and that for very long frames coding results improve with the predictor rank practically in unlimited way.
References
H. Huang, P. Fr¨anti, D. Huang, and S. Rahardja, “Cascaded RLS-LMS prediction in MPEG-4 lossless audio coding,” IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 554–562, 2008.
Http://www.losslessaudio.org/.
Http://www.monkeysaudio.com/.
C. D. Giurcaneau, I. Tabus, and J. Astola, “Adaptive context based sequential prediction for lossless audio compression,” Proceedings of IX European Signal Processing Conference EUSIPCO, vol. 4, pp. 2349–2352, 1998.
T. Robinson, “SHORTEN: Simple lossless and near-lossless waveform compression,” Cambridge University, Engineering Department, Cambridge, UK, Tech. Rep. 156, 1994, pp. 1–17.
E. Ravelli, P. Gournay, and R. Lefebvre, “A Two-Stage MLP+NLMS Lossless coder for ste-reo audio,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 5, pp. 177–180, 2006.
R. Yu, S. Rahardja, C. C. Ko, and H. Huang, “Improving coding efficiency for MPEG-4 Audio Scalable Lossless coding,” Proceedings
of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 169–172, 2005.
L. Xiao, L. Gang, L. Zhengguo, C. Thien King, and Y. Ai Ling, “A novel prediction scheme for lossless compression of audio waveform,” in International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2001, pp. 197– 201.
R. Yu, C. Ko, S. Rahardja, and X. Lin, “An RLS-LMS algorithm for lossless audio coding,” in Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference onSignals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove,
CA USA, 15–18 June 2003, pp. 300–303.
T. Moriya, D. Yang, and T. Liebchen, “Extended Linear Prediction Tools for Lossless Audio Coding,” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp.
–1011, 2004.
K. Sayood, Introduction to Data Compression, 2nd ed. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2002.
Y. A. Reznik, “Coding of prediction residual in MPEG-4 standard for lossless audio cod-ing (MPEG-4 ALS),” Proceedings of IEEE
International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 3, pp. 1024–1027, 17–21 May 2004, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
T. Liebchen and Y. A. Reznik, “Improved Forward-Adaptive Prediction for MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding,” in 118th AES Convention, Barcelona, Spain, 28–31 May 2005, pp. 1–10.
Http://studwww.ugent.be/ jdebock/lossless audio compression test.htm.
B. Aiazzi, S. Baronti, and L. Alparone, “Near-lossless image compression
by relaxation-labeled prediction,” Signal Processing, vol. 82, no. 11, pp. 1619–1631, 2002.
G. Ulacha and R. Stasinski, “Paths to future image lossless coding,” in Proceedings of 54th International Symposium ELMAR, 2012.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
