Traffic Modeling in Industrial Ethernet Networks
Abstract
This article discusses the traffic types typically used in industrial networks. The authors propose a number of methods of generating traffic that can be used in modeling traffic sources in the networks under consideration. The proposed traffic models have been developed on the basis of the ON/OFF model. The proposed solutions can be applied to model typical traffic types that are used in industrial systems, such as Time-Triggered (TT) traffic, Audio-Video Bridging (AVB) traffic or Best Effort traffic. The article discusses four traffic models with modifications and shows how the proposed models can be used in modeling different traffic types used in industrial networks.References
A. Al-Fuqaha, M. Guizani, M. Mohammadi, M. Aledhari, M. Ayyash, "Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications", IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 17(4), 2347--2376 (2015).
L. D. Xu, W. He., and S. Li, "Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(4), 2233--2243 (2014).
L. Karbowiak, "Przemysl 4.0 - jak sie przygotowac na nieuniknione”, Computerworld, 2, 8--11 (2019).
Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group, urlhttp://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/tsn.html (2019)
Time Sensitive etworks for Felxible Manufacturing testbad – Description of Converged Traffic Types, White Paper, Industrial Internet Consortium, No. IIC: WHT:IS3:V1.0:PB:2018017 , 2018
H.Bidgoli, "The Handbook of Computer Networks, Volume 1, Key Concepts, Data Transmission, and Digital and Optical Networks”, Wiley (2007).
D. Staehle, K. Leibnitz, and P. Tran-Gia, "Source Traffic Modeling of Wireless Applications", Würzburg, Raport no. 261 (2000).
B. Mandelbrot and J. Ness, "Long-run linearity, locally Gaussian processes, H-spectra and infinite variances", International Economic Review, 10, 82--111 (1969).
H. Heffes and D. Lucantoni, "A Markov Modulated Characterization of Packetized Voice and Data Traffic and Related Statistical Multiplexer Performance", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 4(6), 856--868 (1986).
B. Ryu and A. Elwalid, "The importance of long-range dependence of VBR video traffic in ATMtraffic engineering:Myths and realities", ACM Computer Communication Review,26, 3--14 (1996).
O. Sheluhin, S. M. Smolskiy, and A. V. Osin, "Self-Similar Processes in Telecommunications", Wiley, Chichester, England (2007).
W. E. Leland, M. S. Taqqu, and W. Willinger, "On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. 2(1), 1--15 (1994).
W. Willinger, M. Taqqu, R. Sherman, and D. Wilson, "Self-similarity through high variability: Statistical analysis of ethernet LAN traffic at the source level", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 5(1-2), 71--86 (1997).
K. Park and W. Willinger, "Self-Similar Network Traffic and Performance Evaluation", Wiley, New York, NY (2000).
H. Hurst and R. Hudson, "The (mis) Behavior of Markets", Reward, Basic Books (2004).
M. Głcabowski, S. Hanczewski, M. Stasiak, and P. Zwierzykowski, "Report on traffic modeling in IT/OT", Huawei (2018).
T. Yoshihara, S. Kasahara, and Y. Takahashi, "Practical time-scale fitting of self-similar traffic with Markov-modulated Poisson process", Telecommunication Systems, 17(1-2), 185--211 (2001).
P. Salvador, R. Valdas, and A. Pacheco, "Multiscale Fitting Procedure Using Markov Modulated Poisson Process", Telecommunication Systems, 23(1), 123–-148 (2003).
R. J. Adler, R. E. Feldman, and M. S. Taqqu, (Eds), "A Practical Guide to Heavy Tails", Birkhauser, Boston (1998).
P. Doukhan, G. Oppenheim, and M. S. Taqqu, (Eds), "Theory and Applications of Long Range Dependence", Birkhauser, Boston (2003).
A. Rajabi, "Resource Provisioning for WebApplications under Time-varyingTraffic", Phd thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (2016).
Hurst, H., "Long Term Storage Capacity of Reservoirs", Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 116, 770--799.
H. Heffes, "A Class of Data Traffic Processes - Covariance Function Characterization and Related Queuing Results", The Bell System Technical Journal, 59(6), 897--929 (1980).
P. Didier, J. Fontaine, "Results, Insights and best Practices from IIC Testbeds: Time-Sensitive Networking Testbed", Industrial Interenet Consortium (2017).
"B&R joins Huawei’s OPC UA TSN testbed", https://www.instrumentation.co.uk (2018)
Labs Network Industrie 4.0 e.V. Statute of the Association "Labs Network Industrie 4.0 e.V." – Current Version, https://lni40.de (2018)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author/s. The undersigned also warrants that the manuscript (or its essential substance) has not been published other than as an abstract or doctorate thesis and has not been submitted for consideration elsewhere, for print, electronic or digital publication.
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit the contribution) under the following conditions: 1. they must attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor, 2. they may alter, transform, or build upon this work, 3. they may use this contribution for commercial purposes.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- the right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- the right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- the right to self-archive the article
- the right to supervision over the integrity of the content of the work and its fair use.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or the Journal Owner upon two months’ notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party’s notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of the Journal Owner. The author and the Journal Owner may agree to terminate this agreement at any time. This agreement or any license granted in it cannot be terminated otherwise than in accordance with this section 6. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by the Journal Owner or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
The Journal Owner will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and the Journal Owner or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. Where such obligation depends on the payment of a fee, it shall not be deemed to exist until such time as that fee is paid. The Journal Owner may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization and usage that it deems appropriate. The Journal Owner will be allowed to sublicense the rights that are licensed to it under this agreement. This agreement will be governed by the laws of Poland.
By signing this License, Author(s) warrant(s) that they have the full power to enter into this agreement. This License shall remain in effect throughout the term of copyright in the Work and may not be revoked without the express written consent of both parties.